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The American Civil Liberties Union is set to argue before a panel of judges Monday that an Internet law that requires libraries to install Net filtering measures on public computers in order to receive some federal funding is unconstitutional and violates citizens' free speech rights.

The Children's Internet Protection Act was passed by Congress in December of 2000 with the aim of shielding minors from obscene and potentially harmful material on the Net, such as pornography.

However, plaintiffs in the suit claim that CIPA's Internet filtering provision stymies their free speech and research abilities and deepens the digital divide by giving those who can afford Internet access at home wider access to information than those who can only afford to access the Net at libraries.

Federal Funding

According to the ACLU, there are more than 16,000 public libraries in the U.S., 95 percent of which provide Internet access to their patrons. Under CIPA, libraries that participate in certain federal programs must install filtering measures on all their Internet access terminals, regardless of whether federal funding was used to pay for the computers and Internet access, the group says.

Beyond free speech concerns, the New York-based civil liberties organization is expected to argue that many Web site blocking programs are ineffective, often barring sites that are not harmful to minors, and that the filtering is contrary to the democratic mission of public libraries.

The ACLU is representing a handful of libraries, library associations, and private citizens in the case, which is due to go before a three-judge panel appointed by Philadelphia's Third Circuit Court of Appeals. Any appeal to the panel's decision will go directly to the U.S. Supreme Court, which is required to hear challenges to the law, the ACLU says.

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