The U.S. National Security Agency’s efforts to defeat encryption will backfire by eroding trust in U.S.-based Internet services and in the agency’s own efforts to aid U.S. companies with cybersecurity, a group of privacy advocates said Tuesday.
Many companies will see the NSA’s dual roles of code breaking and helping U.S. companies with cybersecurity as clashing, following news reports of the agency’s efforts to defeat online encryption, said Kevin Bankston, director of the Free Expression Project at the Center for Democracy and Technology.
The NSA has defeated encryption through a variety of means, including through reported backdoors in online services and covert compromises in encryption standards, according to news reports last month. Those reports followed revelations in June by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden about massive data-collection programs at the agency. The NSA says the data-collection efforts, which include monitoring U.S. phones and overseas Internet communications, are necessary to counter the threat of terrorism.
For U.S. technology companies, it is “terribly debilitating and undermining to have the rest of world thinking there have been backdoors built into their systems to help the U.S. government,” said Alan Davidson, a visiting scholar at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and former public policy director at Google.
The NSA’s encryption-defeating efforts will also hurt the agency, Davidson said at an Information Technology and Innovation Foundation discussion.
Many U.S. companies have asked the NSA for cybersecurity assistance in recent years, but “you’d be crazy to ask for that kind of help now,” Davidson said. “You want to have the best mathematicians and security experts in the world to help you secure your systems. But when it’s the same people who … want to compromise the security of your system, that’s probably going to dissuade you a bit.”
Route data around the U.S.?
The NSA’s efforts will prompt other governments to require that their citizens’ data be stored within their borders and will lead to efforts to route Internet traffic around the U.S., Bankston said. The NSA’s efforts will lead to compromised intelligence-gathering capabilities in the long run as other countries seek to circumvent U.S. services and networks, he said.
“They could very easy kill the goose that laid the golden egg here,” he said. “[The NSA has] been placed in a privileged position here because so much data is stored in the U.S., so much data transits the U.S. However, to the extent that it is not clear that we have strong legal standards governing the access to data … we’re going to see that data go away.”
The NSA’s encryption-defeating efforts will also lower trust in security standards developed through the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) because of the reports that the NIST helped the NSA tamper with encryption standards, panelists at the encryption forum said.
A NIST spokesman wasn’t available for comment Tuesday because of a partial government shutdown, but the agency has denied that it helped build backdoors into encryption standards.
Covertly weakening encryption standards would be “cheating in the worst way,” Bankston said.
NDA responds
An NSA spokeswoman defended the agency’s work on security standards.
“NSA is responsible for setting the security standards for systems carrying the nation’s most sensitive and classified information,” she said in an email. “We use the cryptography and standards that we recommend, and we recommend the cryptography and standards that we use. We do not make recommendations that we cannot stand behind for protecting national security systems and data. The activity of NSA in setting standards has made the Internet a safer place to communicate and do business.”
The 2002 Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) requires the NIST to work with the NSA on cybersecurity standards, but little is known about how the two agencies have cooperated, said Amie Stepanovich, director of the Domestic Surveillance Project at the Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC). Stepanovich called on lawmakers to require more transparency in the relationship between the two agencies.