Attackers can abuse Facebook’s phone search feature to find valid phone numbers and the name of their owners, according to security researchers.
The attack is possible because Facebook doesn’t limit the number of phone number searches that can be performed by a user via the mobile version of its website, Suriya Prakash, an independent security researcher said in a recent blog post.
Facebook allows users to associate their phone numbers with their accounts. If fact, a mobile phone number is required to verify any new Facebook account and unlock features like video uploading or timeline URL personalization.
When adding phone numbers in the “Contact info” section of their respective Facebook profile pages, users can choose if they want to make this information visible to the general public, only to their friends or if they want to keep it to themselves, which is a good privacy option.
Facebook also allows users to find other people on the website by searching for those people’s phone numbers in international format.
Users can control who can locate them using this method through an option under “Privacy Settings” > “How You Connect” > “Who can look you up using the email address or phone number you provided?” which is set by default to “Everyone.”
This means that even if you set your phone number’s visibility to “Me only” on your profile page, anyone who knows your phone number will still be able to find you on Facebook unless you change the second setting to “Friends” or “Friends of friends.” There is no option to prevent everyone from locating your profile using your phone number.
Since most people don’t change the default value of this setting, it is possible for an attacker to generate a list of sequential phone numbers within a chosen range—for example from a specific operator—and use Facebook’s search box to discover who they belong to, Prakash said. Connecting a random phone number to a name is every advertiser’s dream and these sort of lists would fetch a large price on the black market, he said.
Prakash claims that he shared this attack scenario with Facebook’s security team in August and after an initial response on Aug. 31 all of his emails went unanswered until Oct. 2, when a Facebook representative responded and said that the rate at which users can be found on the website via any means, including phone numbers, is restricted.
However, the mobile version of Facebook’s website—m.facebook.com—doesn’t appear to have any search rate limitation, Prakash said.
The researcher generated numbers with U.S. and India country prefixes and created a simple proof-of-concept (PoC) macro script that searched for them on Facebook and saved the ones that were found to be associated with Facebook profiles, together with the names of their owners.
Prakash said that he decided to publicly disclose the vulnerability a few days after sending his PoC script to Facebook, because the company didn’t respond. Prakash even published 850 partially obfuscated phone numbers and associated names which, he claimed, represented a very small portion of the data he obtained during his tests.
“It’s been about a week since I started running it and I still haven’t been blocked,” Prakash said Monday via email. “I even informed them [Facebook] today morning (Indian time) still no reply.”
Facebook did not return a request for comment sent Monday.
Another researcher tests
Following Prakash’s public disclosure, Tyler Borland, a security researcher with network security vendor Alert Logic, created an even more efficient script that can run up to ten Facebook phone search processes at the same time. Borland’s script is called “Facebook phone crawler” and can search for phone numbers from a user-specified range.
“With default settings I was able to verify data for 1 phone number every second,” Borland said via email on Monday. “They [Facebook] do not employ any kind of rate limiting or I haven’t hit that limit yet. Again, I sent hundreds of requests within short intervals of time and nothing happened.”
With Borland’s script running on a large botnet—over 100,000 computers—an attacker could find the phone numbers and names of most Facebook users with mobile numbers associated with their accounts in a matter of days, Prakash said.
It is disturbing that this vulnerability is still open and there are public tools available to exploit it, said Bogdan Botezatu, a senior e-threat analyst at antivirus vendor Bitdefender, via email on Monday. Very few users alter their default privacy settings, he said.
This is another example of how a great feature can end up abused if safety mechanisms are poorly implemented or are completely missing, Botezatu said. “Unlike e-mail messages or blog comments, approaching a user by phone is much more effective in a spear vishing [voice phishing] attack, mostly because the computer user is not aware of the fact that his phone number may have ended up in the wrong hands. Coupled with the users information in their profile, an attacker can convince the user into handing personal information in no time.”
Voice phishing attacks and other type of phone scams are common and their success rate is already high, Botezatu said.
“Now imagine that these crooks address you by your full name and back up their statements with information about you taken straight from your [Facebook] profile.” Botezatu said.