In fact, the adult entertainment industry has been on top of many of the Net’s most crucial tech innovations–but not because it invented any of them.
According to Lewis Perdue, author of Eroticabiz: How Sex Shaped the Internet, “without business and technical pioneers in the online sex business, the World Wide Web would never have grown so big so quickly.” (Not that we think size matters.)
The innovations happen because porn is “an ecosystem in which participants are willing–indeed forced–to experiment, and where experimentation isn’t hobbled by common sense, good taste, or bureaucracy,” says Bruce Arnold, principal of Caslon Analytics, a research and analysis firm from Braddon, Australia, that specializes in regulatory issues, demographics, social trends, and technologies.
In an industry notorious for erecting walls of secrecy, hard numbers are difficult to come by, and most evidence is anecdotal. Still, it’s clear that the adult industry has helped shape the Internet as we know it today, even if it has also been at the forefront of a number of less savory innovations. Let’s take a look at a not-entirely-dirty dozen.
1. Nice: Online Payment Systems
“While riches were being minted and squandered in the dot-com ’90s, Gordon made a fortune by taking a commission for processing sales on a range of sites…like ClubLove, which published the Pamela Anderson-Tommy Lee sex tape,” wrote the Times‘ Brad Stone. (Through his lawyer, Gordon officially denies having been involved with pornography, but Stone found more than a dozen current and former employees who suggested otherwise.)
According to Forrester Research, Web users spent about $1.3 billion on online porn in 1999. That represented about 8 percent of all Net commerce that year, and more money than people spent online on books or plane tickets. Back then, it was the Internet’s leading industry. By 2006, however, Net porn was generating just $2.8 billion in revenues–a much smaller piece of the online pie, which had grown to $150 to $200 billion.
Richard Gordon also owns a Web design firm that created sites for the American Bible Society–or at least it did so until Stone contacted the ABS last May–proving that Gordon could swing both ways.
2. Naughty: Spam
3. Nice: Streaming Content
In a May 2001 interview with NPR, Danni Ashe (pictured), founder of seminal softcore site Danni’s Hard Drive, noted that “the adult entertainment industry was the first to use streaming JPEG push video, which was video that worked…in the browser and didn’t require a plug-in. I think as an industry we tend to jump in a little bit faster and tweak the technology and try to get it to work faster.”
In 2003, Acacia Research sued dozens of porn sites for allegedly violating its patents on streaming video. The patent portfolio company sued the pornsters in part because they were easy targets, but also because that’s where most of the video action was. Subsequently Acacia got around to securing licenses from Disney, the New York Times, and other less titillating video streamers.
“Without programming pioneers trying to perfect video streaming software that would deliver images of copulation and procreation to paying customers hooked up with a 28.8kbps dial-up modem, it is unlikely that CNN would be effectively delivering news clips of global breaking news,” wrote Lewis Perdue in Eroticabiz.
4. Naughty: Malware
The results can be devastating. Just ask Julie Amero, a Connecticut substitute teacher who was horrified to find herself facing prosecution (and the possibility of up to 40 years in prison) after a computer loaded with spyware displayed pornography to her students. Fortunately for Amero, computer security professionals convinced the judge that she was merely an innocent victim of spyware programs that had taken control of the school’s computer and had launched a blizzard of pop-up porn windows.
5. Nice: Live Chat
Why would you limit yourself to watching videos of naked people when you could instead chat with them, suggest ingenious activities for them to undertake, test their grasp of Hegel’s metaphysics, and whatever else struck your fancy–all while using the finest in modern electronics? Porn plowed the path for video chat and its boring cousin, Web-based videoconferencing.
“Video chat is a huge area of interaction and profitability in the digital adult business,” says Mark Frieser, cofounder of MyVIProom.com, an adult content and dating destination that is scheduled to debut early next year. “Tons of women are selling one-on-one chat at really exorbitant rates. That sort of video technology has definitely been pioneered by the adult industry.”
Meanwhile, “teledildonics,” in combination with chat, gives new meaning to the term remote control, notes author and sex educator Violet Blue, proprietress of the Tiny Nibbles Web site [this site is Not Safe For Work].
“Live camgirls created the peer-to-peer direct sex work arena, heralded the death of the pimp, and forged new tech paths (such as teledildonic interaction with camgirls where the customer pays for the connection and operates her sex toy live),” Blue wrote in an e-mail. “It remains in lucrative commercial use today.”
6. Naughty: Pop-Ups, Pop-Unders, Mousetrapping
7. Nice: Broadband
Though the evidence is largely anecdotal, various authorities believe that “acquiring higher resolution pornographic images faster promoted broadband connections,” as Jonathan Coopersmith, an associate professor of history at Texas A&M, put it in a 2006 paper on the nature of computer-based porn [PDF].
According to an October 2000 report in the New York Times, nearly 20 percent of AT&T broadband customers were paying to watch “real, live all-American sex” online, at an average rate of $10 per film. A 2003 study by Nielsen/NetRatings found that online music sharing and pornography were the biggest factors underlying broadband penetration in Europe.
Of course, nobody from Time Warner Roadrunner or AT&T Broadband ever showed up at the door saying “We’re here to install your porn connection, Mr. Clinton.” But when broadband rear its head locally, users could thank the adult industry for getting it there just a wee bit faster.
8. Naughty: Browser Hijacking
9. Nice: Traffic optimization
Long before blogs appeared–or aggregation sites like Digg and Reddit, or affiliate ad networks like Link Exchange, or even Google Adsense–X-rated online venues were building massive site traffic by sharing links, customers, and revenues among themselves.
“The porn folks have led the industry in traffic development and monetization,” says Ariel Ozick, chief of operations for Wired Rhino, a search marketing optimization company. “They developed the concept of top sites linking to generate traffic and were among the first to develop an affiliate revenue-sharing model.”
Since the dawn of the Net, adult sites have been sharing customers, says Frieser. “Back in the ’90s, if you subscribed to an adult site and left after three months, you’d get an e-mail offering access not only to that site but to three other networks for the same price. There was a lot of that going on.”
Now Frieser says that the phenomenon is starting to regain strength, in part because pay-to-view adult sites are losing their audience to a plethora of free smut on the Net.
10. Naughty: Domain-Name Hijacking
11. Nice: 3G Mobile Services
Last June, iRoticNet launched a service that lets iPhone 3G users choose from a library of more than 1000 adult entertainment clips for a flat fee of $10 a month. There are already “a few hundred” iPhone porn sites available, according to Farley Cahen, a vice president for adult industry trade group AVN Media Network. Juniper Research predicts that the worldwide market for mobile porn will swell from $1.7 billion to $4.6 billion by 2012.
Frieser, who helped launch a relatively tame mobile service built around XXX star Jenna Jameson in 2005, anticipates a sharp rise in wireless porn, especially as smart phones surge in popularity.
“I think we’ll see a big spike in interactive services,” says Frieser. “Look at the European market, where you can do one-on-one cam chats using your mobile. To say that’s not the future for the U.S. market would be foolish.”
Is that your cell phone vibrating or are you just happy to see me?
12. Naughty: Paris Hilton
When not researching porn (just for the articles, honest), contributing editor Dan Tynan tends his blogs, Culture Crash and Tynan on Tech